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734 lines
18 KiB
734 lines
18 KiB
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only |
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/* |
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* linux/kernel/panic.c |
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* |
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* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds |
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*/ |
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|
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/* |
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* This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs) |
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* to indicate a major problem. |
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*/ |
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#include <linux/debug_locks.h> |
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#include <linux/sched/debug.h> |
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#include <linux/interrupt.h> |
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#include <linux/kgdb.h> |
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#include <linux/kmsg_dump.h> |
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#include <linux/kallsyms.h> |
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#include <linux/notifier.h> |
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#include <linux/vt_kern.h> |
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#include <linux/module.h> |
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#include <linux/random.h> |
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#include <linux/ftrace.h> |
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#include <linux/reboot.h> |
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#include <linux/delay.h> |
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#include <linux/kexec.h> |
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#include <linux/panic_notifier.h> |
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#include <linux/sched.h> |
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#include <linux/sysrq.h> |
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#include <linux/init.h> |
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#include <linux/nmi.h> |
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#include <linux/console.h> |
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#include <linux/bug.h> |
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#include <linux/ratelimit.h> |
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#include <linux/debugfs.h> |
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#include <asm/sections.h> |
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#define PANIC_TIMER_STEP 100 |
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#define PANIC_BLINK_SPD 18 |
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#ifdef CONFIG_SMP |
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/* |
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* Should we dump all CPUs backtraces in an oops event? |
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* Defaults to 0, can be changed via sysctl. |
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*/ |
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unsigned int __read_mostly sysctl_oops_all_cpu_backtrace; |
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#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */ |
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int panic_on_oops = CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS_VALUE; |
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static unsigned long tainted_mask = |
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IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_RANDSTRUCT) ? (1 << TAINT_RANDSTRUCT) : 0; |
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static int pause_on_oops; |
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static int pause_on_oops_flag; |
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static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock); |
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bool crash_kexec_post_notifiers; |
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int panic_on_warn __read_mostly; |
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unsigned long panic_on_taint; |
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bool panic_on_taint_nousertaint = false; |
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int panic_timeout = CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT; |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(panic_timeout); |
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#define PANIC_PRINT_TASK_INFO 0x00000001 |
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#define PANIC_PRINT_MEM_INFO 0x00000002 |
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#define PANIC_PRINT_TIMER_INFO 0x00000004 |
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#define PANIC_PRINT_LOCK_INFO 0x00000008 |
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#define PANIC_PRINT_FTRACE_INFO 0x00000010 |
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#define PANIC_PRINT_ALL_PRINTK_MSG 0x00000020 |
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unsigned long panic_print; |
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ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list); |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list); |
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static long no_blink(int state) |
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{ |
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return 0; |
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} |
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|
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/* Returns how long it waited in ms */ |
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long (*panic_blink)(int state); |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink); |
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/* |
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* Stop ourself in panic -- architecture code may override this |
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*/ |
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void __weak panic_smp_self_stop(void) |
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{ |
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while (1) |
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cpu_relax(); |
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} |
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/* |
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* Stop ourselves in NMI context if another CPU has already panicked. Arch code |
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* may override this to prepare for crash dumping, e.g. save regs info. |
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*/ |
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void __weak nmi_panic_self_stop(struct pt_regs *regs) |
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{ |
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panic_smp_self_stop(); |
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} |
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/* |
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* Stop other CPUs in panic. Architecture dependent code may override this |
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* with more suitable version. For example, if the architecture supports |
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* crash dump, it should save registers of each stopped CPU and disable |
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* per-CPU features such as virtualization extensions. |
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*/ |
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void __weak crash_smp_send_stop(void) |
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{ |
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static int cpus_stopped; |
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/* |
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* This function can be called twice in panic path, but obviously |
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* we execute this only once. |
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*/ |
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if (cpus_stopped) |
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return; |
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/* |
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* Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which |
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* unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic |
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* situation. |
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*/ |
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smp_send_stop(); |
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cpus_stopped = 1; |
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} |
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atomic_t panic_cpu = ATOMIC_INIT(PANIC_CPU_INVALID); |
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/* |
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* A variant of panic() called from NMI context. We return if we've already |
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* panicked on this CPU. If another CPU already panicked, loop in |
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* nmi_panic_self_stop() which can provide architecture dependent code such |
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* as saving register state for crash dump. |
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*/ |
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void nmi_panic(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *msg) |
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{ |
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int old_cpu, cpu; |
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cpu = raw_smp_processor_id(); |
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old_cpu = atomic_cmpxchg(&panic_cpu, PANIC_CPU_INVALID, cpu); |
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if (old_cpu == PANIC_CPU_INVALID) |
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panic("%s", msg); |
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else if (old_cpu != cpu) |
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nmi_panic_self_stop(regs); |
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} |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(nmi_panic); |
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static void panic_print_sys_info(void) |
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{ |
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if (panic_print & PANIC_PRINT_ALL_PRINTK_MSG) |
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console_flush_on_panic(CONSOLE_REPLAY_ALL); |
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if (panic_print & PANIC_PRINT_TASK_INFO) |
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show_state(); |
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if (panic_print & PANIC_PRINT_MEM_INFO) |
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show_mem(0, NULL); |
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if (panic_print & PANIC_PRINT_TIMER_INFO) |
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sysrq_timer_list_show(); |
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if (panic_print & PANIC_PRINT_LOCK_INFO) |
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debug_show_all_locks(); |
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if (panic_print & PANIC_PRINT_FTRACE_INFO) |
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ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL); |
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} |
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/** |
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* panic - halt the system |
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* @fmt: The text string to print |
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* |
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* Display a message, then perform cleanups. |
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* |
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* This function never returns. |
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*/ |
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void panic(const char *fmt, ...) |
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{ |
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static char buf[1024]; |
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va_list args; |
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long i, i_next = 0, len; |
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int state = 0; |
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int old_cpu, this_cpu; |
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bool _crash_kexec_post_notifiers = crash_kexec_post_notifiers; |
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/* |
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* Disable local interrupts. This will prevent panic_smp_self_stop |
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* from deadlocking the first cpu that invokes the panic, since |
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* there is nothing to prevent an interrupt handler (that runs |
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* after setting panic_cpu) from invoking panic() again. |
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*/ |
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local_irq_disable(); |
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preempt_disable_notrace(); |
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/* |
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* It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and |
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* not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want |
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* preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though... |
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* |
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* Only one CPU is allowed to execute the panic code from here. For |
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* multiple parallel invocations of panic, all other CPUs either |
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* stop themself or will wait until they are stopped by the 1st CPU |
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* with smp_send_stop(). |
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* |
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* `old_cpu == PANIC_CPU_INVALID' means this is the 1st CPU which |
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* comes here, so go ahead. |
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* `old_cpu == this_cpu' means we came from nmi_panic() which sets |
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* panic_cpu to this CPU. In this case, this is also the 1st CPU. |
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*/ |
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this_cpu = raw_smp_processor_id(); |
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old_cpu = atomic_cmpxchg(&panic_cpu, PANIC_CPU_INVALID, this_cpu); |
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if (old_cpu != PANIC_CPU_INVALID && old_cpu != this_cpu) |
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panic_smp_self_stop(); |
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console_verbose(); |
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bust_spinlocks(1); |
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va_start(args, fmt); |
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len = vscnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args); |
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va_end(args); |
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if (len && buf[len - 1] == '\n') |
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buf[len - 1] = '\0'; |
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pr_emerg("Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n", buf); |
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#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE |
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/* |
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* Avoid nested stack-dumping if a panic occurs during oops processing |
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*/ |
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if (!test_taint(TAINT_DIE) && oops_in_progress <= 1) |
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dump_stack(); |
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#endif |
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/* |
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* If kgdb is enabled, give it a chance to run before we stop all |
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* the other CPUs or else we won't be able to debug processes left |
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* running on them. |
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*/ |
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kgdb_panic(buf); |
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/* |
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* If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle |
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* everything else. |
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* If we want to run this after calling panic_notifiers, pass |
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* the "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" option to the kernel. |
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* |
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* Bypass the panic_cpu check and call __crash_kexec directly. |
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*/ |
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if (!_crash_kexec_post_notifiers) { |
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__crash_kexec(NULL); |
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/* |
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* Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which |
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* unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a |
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* panic situation. |
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*/ |
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smp_send_stop(); |
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} else { |
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/* |
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* If we want to do crash dump after notifier calls and |
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* kmsg_dump, we will need architecture dependent extra |
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* works in addition to stopping other CPUs. |
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*/ |
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crash_smp_send_stop(); |
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} |
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/* |
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* Run any panic handlers, including those that might need to |
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* add information to the kmsg dump output. |
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*/ |
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atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf); |
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kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC); |
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/* |
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* If you doubt kdump always works fine in any situation, |
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* "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" offers you a chance to run |
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* panic_notifiers and dumping kmsg before kdump. |
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* Note: since some panic_notifiers can make crashed kernel |
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* more unstable, it can increase risks of the kdump failure too. |
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* |
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* Bypass the panic_cpu check and call __crash_kexec directly. |
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*/ |
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if (_crash_kexec_post_notifiers) |
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__crash_kexec(NULL); |
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#ifdef CONFIG_VT |
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unblank_screen(); |
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#endif |
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console_unblank(); |
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/* |
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* We may have ended up stopping the CPU holding the lock (in |
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* smp_send_stop()) while still having some valuable data in the console |
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* buffer. Try to acquire the lock then release it regardless of the |
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* result. The release will also print the buffers out. Locks debug |
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* should be disabled to avoid reporting bad unlock balance when |
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* panic() is not being callled from OOPS. |
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*/ |
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debug_locks_off(); |
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console_flush_on_panic(CONSOLE_FLUSH_PENDING); |
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panic_print_sys_info(); |
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if (!panic_blink) |
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panic_blink = no_blink; |
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if (panic_timeout > 0) { |
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/* |
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* Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine. |
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* We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked. |
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*/ |
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pr_emerg("Rebooting in %d seconds..\n", panic_timeout); |
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for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout * 1000; i += PANIC_TIMER_STEP) { |
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touch_nmi_watchdog(); |
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if (i >= i_next) { |
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i += panic_blink(state ^= 1); |
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i_next = i + 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD; |
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} |
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mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP); |
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} |
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} |
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if (panic_timeout != 0) { |
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/* |
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* This will not be a clean reboot, with everything |
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* shutting down. But if there is a chance of |
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* rebooting the system it will be rebooted. |
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*/ |
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if (panic_reboot_mode != REBOOT_UNDEFINED) |
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reboot_mode = panic_reboot_mode; |
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emergency_restart(); |
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} |
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#ifdef __sparc__ |
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{ |
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extern int stop_a_enabled; |
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/* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */ |
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stop_a_enabled = 1; |
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pr_emerg("Press Stop-A (L1-A) from sun keyboard or send break\n" |
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"twice on console to return to the boot prom\n"); |
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} |
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#endif |
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#if defined(CONFIG_S390) |
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disabled_wait(); |
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#endif |
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pr_emerg("---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: %s ]---\n", buf); |
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/* Do not scroll important messages printed above */ |
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suppress_printk = 1; |
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local_irq_enable(); |
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for (i = 0; ; i += PANIC_TIMER_STEP) { |
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touch_softlockup_watchdog(); |
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if (i >= i_next) { |
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i += panic_blink(state ^= 1); |
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i_next = i + 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD; |
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} |
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mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP); |
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} |
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} |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic); |
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/* |
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* TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD could be a per-module flag but the module |
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* is being removed anyway. |
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*/ |
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const struct taint_flag taint_flags[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT] = { |
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[ TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE ] = { 'P', 'G', true }, |
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[ TAINT_FORCED_MODULE ] = { 'F', ' ', true }, |
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[ TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC ] = { 'S', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD ] = { 'R', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK ] = { 'M', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_BAD_PAGE ] = { 'B', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_USER ] = { 'U', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_DIE ] = { 'D', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE ] = { 'A', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_WARN ] = { 'W', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_CRAP ] = { 'C', ' ', true }, |
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[ TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND ] = { 'I', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_OOT_MODULE ] = { 'O', ' ', true }, |
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[ TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE ] = { 'E', ' ', true }, |
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[ TAINT_SOFTLOCKUP ] = { 'L', ' ', false }, |
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[ TAINT_LIVEPATCH ] = { 'K', ' ', true }, |
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[ TAINT_AUX ] = { 'X', ' ', true }, |
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[ TAINT_RANDSTRUCT ] = { 'T', ' ', true }, |
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}; |
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/** |
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* print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state. |
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* |
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* For individual taint flag meanings, see Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.rst |
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* |
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* The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted(), |
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* but is always NULL terminated. |
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*/ |
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const char *print_tainted(void) |
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{ |
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static char buf[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT + sizeof("Tainted: ")]; |
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BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(taint_flags) != TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT); |
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if (tainted_mask) { |
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char *s; |
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int i; |
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s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: "); |
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for (i = 0; i < TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT; i++) { |
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const struct taint_flag *t = &taint_flags[i]; |
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*s++ = test_bit(i, &tainted_mask) ? |
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t->c_true : t->c_false; |
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} |
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*s = 0; |
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} else |
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snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted"); |
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return buf; |
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} |
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int test_taint(unsigned flag) |
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{ |
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return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask); |
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} |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint); |
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unsigned long get_taint(void) |
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{ |
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return tainted_mask; |
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} |
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/** |
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* add_taint: add a taint flag if not already set. |
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* @flag: one of the TAINT_* constants. |
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* @lockdep_ok: whether lock debugging is still OK. |
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* |
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* If something bad has gone wrong, you'll want @lockdebug_ok = false, but for |
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* some notewortht-but-not-corrupting cases, it can be set to true. |
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*/ |
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void add_taint(unsigned flag, enum lockdep_ok lockdep_ok) |
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{ |
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if (lockdep_ok == LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE && __debug_locks_off()) |
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pr_warn("Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n"); |
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set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask); |
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if (tainted_mask & panic_on_taint) { |
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panic_on_taint = 0; |
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panic("panic_on_taint set ..."); |
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} |
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} |
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EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint); |
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static void spin_msec(int msecs) |
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{ |
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int i; |
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for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) { |
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touch_nmi_watchdog(); |
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mdelay(1); |
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} |
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} |
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/* |
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* It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically |
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* implemented... |
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*/ |
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static void do_oops_enter_exit(void) |
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{ |
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unsigned long flags; |
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static int spin_counter; |
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if (!pause_on_oops) |
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return; |
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spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags); |
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if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) { |
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/* This CPU may now print the oops message */ |
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pause_on_oops_flag = 1; |
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} else { |
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/* We need to stall this CPU */ |
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if (!spin_counter) { |
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/* This CPU gets to do the counting */ |
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spin_counter = pause_on_oops; |
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do { |
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spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock); |
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spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC); |
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spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock); |
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} while (--spin_counter); |
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pause_on_oops_flag = 0; |
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} else { |
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/* This CPU waits for a different one */ |
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while (spin_counter) { |
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spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock); |
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spin_msec(1); |
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spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock); |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags); |
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} |
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/* |
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* Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info. |
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* This is a bit racy.. |
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*/ |
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bool oops_may_print(void) |
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{ |
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return pause_on_oops_flag == 0; |
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} |
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|
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/* |
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* Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints |
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* anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first |
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* time then let it proceed. |
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* |
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* This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all |
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* this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the |
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* side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display, |
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* too. |
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* |
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* It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for |
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* the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long: |
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* once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit(). |
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*/ |
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void oops_enter(void) |
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{ |
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tracing_off(); |
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/* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */ |
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debug_locks_off(); |
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do_oops_enter_exit(); |
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if (sysctl_oops_all_cpu_backtrace) |
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trigger_all_cpu_backtrace(); |
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} |
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/* |
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* 64-bit random ID for oopses: |
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*/ |
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static u64 oops_id; |
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|
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static int init_oops_id(void) |
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{ |
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if (!oops_id) |
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get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id)); |
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else |
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oops_id++; |
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return 0; |
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} |
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late_initcall(init_oops_id); |
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|
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static void print_oops_end_marker(void) |
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{ |
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init_oops_id(); |
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pr_warn("---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n", (unsigned long long)oops_id); |
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} |
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|
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/* |
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* Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing |
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* everything. |
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*/ |
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void oops_exit(void) |
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{ |
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do_oops_enter_exit(); |
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print_oops_end_marker(); |
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kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS); |
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} |
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|
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struct warn_args { |
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const char *fmt; |
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va_list args; |
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}; |
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|
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void __warn(const char *file, int line, void *caller, unsigned taint, |
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struct pt_regs *regs, struct warn_args *args) |
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{ |
|
disable_trace_on_warning(); |
|
|
|
if (file) |
|
pr_warn("WARNING: CPU: %d PID: %d at %s:%d %pS\n", |
|
raw_smp_processor_id(), current->pid, file, line, |
|
caller); |
|
else |
|
pr_warn("WARNING: CPU: %d PID: %d at %pS\n", |
|
raw_smp_processor_id(), current->pid, caller); |
|
|
|
if (args) |
|
vprintk(args->fmt, args->args); |
|
|
|
print_modules(); |
|
|
|
if (regs) |
|
show_regs(regs); |
|
|
|
if (panic_on_warn) { |
|
/* |
|
* This thread may hit another WARN() in the panic path. |
|
* Resetting this prevents additional WARN() from panicking the |
|
* system on this thread. Other threads are blocked by the |
|
* panic_mutex in panic(). |
|
*/ |
|
panic_on_warn = 0; |
|
panic("panic_on_warn set ...\n"); |
|
} |
|
|
|
if (!regs) |
|
dump_stack(); |
|
|
|
print_irqtrace_events(current); |
|
|
|
print_oops_end_marker(); |
|
|
|
/* Just a warning, don't kill lockdep. */ |
|
add_taint(taint, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK); |
|
} |
|
|
|
#ifndef __WARN_FLAGS |
|
void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file, int line, unsigned taint, |
|
const char *fmt, ...) |
|
{ |
|
struct warn_args args; |
|
|
|
pr_warn(CUT_HERE); |
|
|
|
if (!fmt) { |
|
__warn(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), taint, |
|
NULL, NULL); |
|
return; |
|
} |
|
|
|
args.fmt = fmt; |
|
va_start(args.args, fmt); |
|
__warn(file, line, __builtin_return_address(0), taint, NULL, &args); |
|
va_end(args.args); |
|
} |
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt); |
|
#else |
|
void __warn_printk(const char *fmt, ...) |
|
{ |
|
va_list args; |
|
|
|
pr_warn(CUT_HERE); |
|
|
|
va_start(args, fmt); |
|
vprintk(fmt, args); |
|
va_end(args); |
|
} |
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__warn_printk); |
|
#endif |
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_BUG |
|
|
|
/* Support resetting WARN*_ONCE state */ |
|
|
|
static int clear_warn_once_set(void *data, u64 val) |
|
{ |
|
generic_bug_clear_once(); |
|
memset(__start_once, 0, __end_once - __start_once); |
|
return 0; |
|
} |
|
|
|
DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(clear_warn_once_fops, NULL, clear_warn_once_set, |
|
"%lld\n"); |
|
|
|
static __init int register_warn_debugfs(void) |
|
{ |
|
/* Don't care about failure */ |
|
debugfs_create_file_unsafe("clear_warn_once", 0200, NULL, NULL, |
|
&clear_warn_once_fops); |
|
return 0; |
|
} |
|
|
|
device_initcall(register_warn_debugfs); |
|
#endif |
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR |
|
|
|
/* |
|
* Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and |
|
* gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value |
|
*/ |
|
__visible noinstr void __stack_chk_fail(void) |
|
{ |
|
instrumentation_begin(); |
|
panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %pB", |
|
__builtin_return_address(0)); |
|
instrumentation_end(); |
|
} |
|
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail); |
|
|
|
#endif |
|
|
|
core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644); |
|
core_param(panic_print, panic_print, ulong, 0644); |
|
core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644); |
|
core_param(panic_on_warn, panic_on_warn, int, 0644); |
|
core_param(crash_kexec_post_notifiers, crash_kexec_post_notifiers, bool, 0644); |
|
|
|
static int __init oops_setup(char *s) |
|
{ |
|
if (!s) |
|
return -EINVAL; |
|
if (!strcmp(s, "panic")) |
|
panic_on_oops = 1; |
|
return 0; |
|
} |
|
early_param("oops", oops_setup); |
|
|
|
static int __init panic_on_taint_setup(char *s) |
|
{ |
|
char *taint_str; |
|
|
|
if (!s) |
|
return -EINVAL; |
|
|
|
taint_str = strsep(&s, ","); |
|
if (kstrtoul(taint_str, 16, &panic_on_taint)) |
|
return -EINVAL; |
|
|
|
/* make sure panic_on_taint doesn't hold out-of-range TAINT flags */ |
|
panic_on_taint &= TAINT_FLAGS_MAX; |
|
|
|
if (!panic_on_taint) |
|
return -EINVAL; |
|
|
|
if (s && !strcmp(s, "nousertaint")) |
|
panic_on_taint_nousertaint = true; |
|
|
|
pr_info("panic_on_taint: bitmask=0x%lx nousertaint_mode=%sabled\n", |
|
panic_on_taint, panic_on_taint_nousertaint ? "en" : "dis"); |
|
|
|
return 0; |
|
} |
|
early_param("panic_on_taint", panic_on_taint_setup);
|
|
|