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608 lines
24 KiB
.. _kernel_docs: |
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Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or Understanding the Linux Kernel |
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============================================================================================= |
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|
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Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche <[email protected]> |
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|
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The need for a document like this one became apparent in the |
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linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers |
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to information, appeared again and again. |
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|
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Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more |
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get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always |
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enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the |
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philosophy and design decisions behind this code. |
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|
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Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to |
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start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which |
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kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents |
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available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference |
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books are also mentioned. |
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|
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PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document, |
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send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any |
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corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed. |
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The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are |
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cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the |
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"Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful |
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when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the |
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Document. |
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Enjoy! |
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.. note:: |
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The documents on each section of this document are ordered by its |
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published date, from the newest to the oldest. |
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|
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Docs at the Linux Kernel tree |
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----------------------------- |
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The Sphinx books should be built with ``make {htmldocs | pdfdocs | epubdocs}``. |
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* Name: **linux/Documentation** |
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:Author: Many. |
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:Location: Documentation/ |
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:Keywords: text files, Sphinx. |
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:Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources, |
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inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document |
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(including this document itself) have been moved there, and might |
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be more up to date than the web version. |
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|
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On-line docs |
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------------ |
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|
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary** |
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:Author: various |
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:URL: https://kernelnewbies.org/KernelGlossary |
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:Date: rolling version |
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:Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel. |
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:Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as |
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a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear |
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during discussion of the Linux kernel". |
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* Title: **Tracing the Way of Data in a TCP Connection through the Linux Kernel** |
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|
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:Author: Richard Sailer |
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:URL: https://archive.org/details/linux_kernel_data_flow_short_paper |
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:Date: 2016 |
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:Keywords: Linux Kernel Networking, TCP, tracing, ftrace |
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:Description: A seminar paper explaining ftrace and how to use it for |
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understanding linux kernel internals, |
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illustrated at tracing the way of a TCP packet through the kernel. |
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:Abstract: *This short paper outlines the usage of ftrace a tracing framework |
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as a tool to understand a running Linux system. |
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Having obtained a trace-log a kernel hacker can read and understand |
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source code more determined and with context. |
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In a detailed example this approach is demonstrated in tracing |
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and the way of data in a TCP Connection through the kernel. |
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Finally this trace-log is used as base for more a exact conceptual |
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exploration and description of the Linux TCP/IP implementation.* |
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* Title: **On submitting kernel Patches** |
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|
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:Author: Andi Kleen |
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:URL: http://halobates.de/on-submitting-kernel-patches.pdf |
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:Date: 2008 |
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:Keywords: patches, review process, types of submissions, basic rules, case studies |
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:Description: This paper gives several experience values on what types of patches |
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there are and how likely they get merged. |
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:Abstract: |
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[...]. This paper examines some common problems for |
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submitting larger changes and some strategies to avoid problems. |
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* Title: **Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition** |
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:Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman |
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:URL: https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ |
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:Date: 2005 |
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:Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver |
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programming API and kernel hacking in general. Available under the |
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license. |
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:note: You can also :ref:`purchase a copy from O'Reilly or elsewhere <ldd3_published>`. |
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* Title: **Writing an ALSA Driver** |
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:Author: Takashi Iwai <[email protected]> |
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:URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html |
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:Date: 2005 |
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:Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware. |
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:Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers, |
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both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel |
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sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version. |
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* Title: **Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide** |
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:Author: David Hinds. |
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:URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html |
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:Date: 2003 |
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:Keywords: PCMCIA. |
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:Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device |
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drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also |
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describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with |
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Card Services. |
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide** |
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:Author: Ori Pomerantz. |
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:URL: https://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html |
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:Date: 2001 |
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:Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls, |
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interrupt handlers . |
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:Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules |
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programming. Lots of examples. |
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* Title: **Global spinlock list and usage** |
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:Author: Rick Lindsley. |
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:URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock |
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:Date: 2001 |
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:Keywords: spinlock. |
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:Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and |
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usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive |
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list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions |
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access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it |
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is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held... |
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* Title: **A Linux vm README** |
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:Author: Kanoj Sarcar. |
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:URL: http://kos.enix.org/pub/linux-vmm.html |
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:Date: 2001 |
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:Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page |
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cache, swap cache, kswapd. |
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:Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions |
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relating the Linux virtual memory implementation. |
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* Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/406 |
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:Date: 2000 |
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:Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices, |
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camera driver. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/429 |
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:Date: 2000 |
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:Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices, |
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camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack.** |
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:Author: Glenn Herrin. |
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:URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin |
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:Date: 2000 |
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:Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection, |
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socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets, |
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modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags. |
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:Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking, |
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explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space |
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configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of |
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the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps |
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packets follow from the time they are received at the network |
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device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel |
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code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet |
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dropper example. |
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* Title: **How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power Macintosh** |
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:Author: Paul Mackerras. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/261 |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **An Introduction to SCSI Drivers** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/284 |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: SCSI, device, driver. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/307 |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **Writing Linux Mouse Drivers** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/330 |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **More on Mouse Drivers** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/356 |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O. |
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:Description: The title still says it all. |
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* Title: **Writing Video4linux Radio Driver** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/id/381 |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices. |
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:Description: The title says it all. |
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* Title: **I/O Event Handling Under Linux** |
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:Author: Richard Gooch. |
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:URL: https://web.mit.edu/~yandros/doc/io-events.html |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness |
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event queues. |
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:Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about |
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how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of |
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open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your |
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application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active |
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(have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you |
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want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of |
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inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage". |
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* Title: **(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system administrators.** |
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:Author: pragmatic/THC. |
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:URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html |
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:Date: 1999 |
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:Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table. |
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:Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in |
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order to intercept and modify syscalls, make |
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files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys, |
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write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to |
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avoid all those abuses. |
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:Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x |
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kernels. |
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* Name: **Linux Virtual File System** |
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:Author: Peter J. Braam. |
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:URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/ |
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:Date: 1998 |
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:Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache. |
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:Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the |
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Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the |
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dcache. |
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* Title: **The Venus kernel interface** |
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:Author: Peter J. Braam. |
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:URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html |
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:Date: 1998 |
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:Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager. |
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:Description: "This document describes the communication between |
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Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation |
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of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe |
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the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we |
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envisage". |
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* Title: **Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem** |
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:Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie. |
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:URL: https://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html |
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:Date: 1998 |
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:Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices, |
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VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library, |
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ext2fs tools, e2fsck. |
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:Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers. |
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Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features, |
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design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks, |
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e2fsck's passes description... A must read! |
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:Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the |
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First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9. |
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* Title: **The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code** |
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:Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza. |
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391 |
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:Date: 1997 |
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:Keywords: RAID, MD driver. |
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. |
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:Abstract: *A description of the implementation of the RAID-1, |
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RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the |
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Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable, |
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secondary-storage capability using software*. |
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide** |
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:Author: Michael K. Johnson. |
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:URL: https://www.tldp.org/LDP/khg/HyperNews/get/khg.html |
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:Date: 1997 |
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:Keywords: device drivers, files, VFS, kernel interface, character vs |
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block devices, hardware interrupts, scsi, DMA, access to user memory, |
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memory allocation, timers. |
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:Description: A guide designed to help you get up to speed on the |
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concepts that are not intuitively obvious, and to document the internal |
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structures of Linux. |
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* Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers** |
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:Author: Alessandro Rubini. |
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219 |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules, |
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allocating resources. |
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. |
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:Abstract: *This is the first of a series of four articles |
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co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present |
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a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel |
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loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the |
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topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's |
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installment*. |
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* Title: **Dynamic Kernels: Discovery** |
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:Author: Alessandro Rubini. |
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220 |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module, |
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autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations, |
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open(), close(). |
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. |
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:Abstract: *This article, the second of four, introduces part of |
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the actual code to create custom module implementing a character |
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device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and |
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cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls*. |
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* Title: **The Devil's in the Details** |
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:Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini. |
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:URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221 |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non |
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blocking mode, interrupt handler. |
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. |
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:Abstract: *This article, the third of four on writing character |
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device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using |
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ioctl-calls*. |
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* Title: **Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA** |
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:Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz. |
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:URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222 |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues. |
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. |
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:Abstract: *This is the fourth in a series of articles about |
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writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This |
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month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling. |
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Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and |
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constraints make this an ''interesting'' part of device driver |
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writing, and several different facilities have been provided for |
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different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of |
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DMA*. |
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* Title: **Device Drivers Concluded** |
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:Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz. |
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:URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287 |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management, |
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demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap, |
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virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI. |
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:Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles |
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series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of |
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five articles about character device drivers. In this final |
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section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with |
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an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts". |
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* Title: **Network Buffers And Memory Management** |
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:Author: Alan Cox. |
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:URL: https://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312 |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer |
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variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive, |
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configuration, multicast. |
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:Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner. |
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:Abstract: *Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally |
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simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the |
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hardware) involves managing network packets in memory*. |
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* Title: **Analysis of the Ext2fs structure** |
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:Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau. |
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:URL: https://teaching.csse.uwa.edu.au/units/CITS2002/fs-ext2/ |
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:Date: 1994 |
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:Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs. |
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:Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes, |
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bitmaps, invariants... |
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Published books |
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--------------- |
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* Title: **Linux Treiber entwickeln** |
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:Author: Jürgen Quade, Eva-Katharina Kunst |
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:Publisher: dpunkt.verlag |
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:Date: Oct 2015 (4th edition) |
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:Pages: 688 |
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:ISBN: 978-3-86490-288-8 |
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:Note: German. The third edition from 2011 is |
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much cheaper and still quite up-to-date. |
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Networking: Implementation and Theory** |
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:Author: Rami Rosen |
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:Publisher: Apress |
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:Date: December 22, 2013 |
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:Pages: 648 |
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:ISBN: 978-1430261964 |
|
|
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* Title: **Embedded Linux Primer: A practical Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition** |
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:Author: Christopher Hallinan |
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:Publisher: Pearson |
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:Date: November, 2010 |
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:Pages: 656 |
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:ISBN: 978-0137017836 |
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|
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Development, 3rd Edition** |
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|
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:Author: Robert Love |
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:Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
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:Date: July, 2010 |
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:Pages: 440 |
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:ISBN: 978-0672329463 |
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|
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* Title: **Essential Linux Device Drivers** |
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|
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:Author: Sreekrishnan Venkateswaran |
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:Published: Prentice Hall |
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:Date: April, 2008 |
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:Pages: 744 |
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:ISBN: 978-0132396554 |
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|
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.. _ldd3_published: |
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|
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* Title: **Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition** |
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|
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:Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman |
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:Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates |
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:Date: 2005 |
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:Pages: 636 |
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:ISBN: 0-596-00590-3 |
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:Notes: Further information in |
|
http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/ |
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PDF format, URL: https://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ |
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* Title: **Linux Kernel Internals** |
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:Author: Michael Beck |
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:Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
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:Date: 1997 |
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:ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition) |
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|
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* Title: **Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du noyau** |
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:Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel |
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:Publisher: Eyrolles |
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:Date: 1997 |
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:Pages: 520 |
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:ISBN: 2-212-08932-5 |
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:Notes: French |
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|
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* Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX Operating System** |
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|
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:Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels, |
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John S. Quarterman |
|
:Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
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:Date: 1996 |
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:ISBN: 0-201-54979-4 |
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|
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* Title: **Unix internals -- the new frontiers** |
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:Author: Uresh Vahalia |
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:Publisher: Prentice Hall |
|
:Date: 1996 |
|
:Pages: 600 |
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:ISBN: 0-13-101908-2 |
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|
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* Title: **Programming for the real world - POSIX.4** |
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|
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:Author: Bill O. Gallmeister |
|
:Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc |
|
:Date: 1995 |
|
:Pages: 552 |
|
:ISBN: I-56592-074-0 |
|
:Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be |
|
POSIX. Good reference. |
|
|
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* Title: **UNIX Systems for Modern Architectures: Symmetric Multiprocessing and Caching for Kernel Programmers** |
|
|
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:Author: Curt Schimmel |
|
:Publisher: Addison Wesley |
|
:Date: June, 1994 |
|
:Pages: 432 |
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:ISBN: 0-201-63338-8 |
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|
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* Title: **The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX Operating System** |
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|
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:Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J |
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Karels, John S. Quarterman |
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:Publisher: Addison-Wesley |
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:Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990) |
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:ISBN: 0-201-06196-1 |
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|
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* Title: **The Design of the UNIX Operating System** |
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|
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:Author: Maurice J. Bach |
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:Publisher: Prentice Hall |
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:Date: 1986 |
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:Pages: 471 |
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:ISBN: 0-13-201757-1 |
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Miscellaneous |
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------------- |
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* Name: **Cross-Referencing Linux** |
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:URL: https://elixir.bootlin.com/ |
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:Keywords: Browsing source code. |
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:Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser. |
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Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see |
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where they are defined and where they are used. |
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* Name: **Linux Weekly News** |
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:URL: https://lwn.net |
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:Keywords: latest kernel news. |
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:Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section |
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summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions |
|
produced during the week. Published every Thursday. |
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|
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* Name: **The home page of Linux-MM** |
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|
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:Author: The Linux-MM team. |
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:URL: https://linux-mm.org/ |
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:Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs, |
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mailing list. |
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:Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development. |
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Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss |
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it if you are interested in memory management development! |
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|
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* Name: **Kernel Newbies IRC Channel and Website** |
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:URL: https://www.kernelnewbies.org |
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:Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts. |
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:Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.oftc.net. |
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#kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie' |
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kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are |
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learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or |
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professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel |
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people. |
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#kernelnewbies is on the OFTC IRC Network. |
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Try irc.oftc.net as your server and then /join #kernelnewbies. |
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The kernelnewbies website also hosts articles, documents, FAQs... |
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* Name: **linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines** |
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:URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html |
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:URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html |
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:URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel |
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:Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search. |
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:Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If |
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you have a better/another one, please let me know. |
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------- |
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Document last updated on Tue 2016-Sep-20 |
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This document is based on: |
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https://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html
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