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103 lines
3.5 KiB
103 lines
3.5 KiB
=========================== |
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RS485 Serial Communications |
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=========================== |
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1. Introduction |
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=============== |
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EIA-485, also known as TIA/EIA-485 or RS-485, is a standard defining the |
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electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in balanced |
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digital multipoint systems. |
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This standard is widely used for communications in industrial automation |
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because it can be used effectively over long distances and in electrically |
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noisy environments. |
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2. Hardware-related Considerations |
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================================== |
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Some CPUs/UARTs (e.g., Atmel AT91 or 16C950 UART) contain a built-in |
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half-duplex mode capable of automatically controlling line direction by |
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toggling RTS or DTR signals. That can be used to control external |
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half-duplex hardware like an RS485 transceiver or any RS232-connected |
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half-duplex devices like some modems. |
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For these microcontrollers, the Linux driver should be made capable of |
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working in both modes, and proper ioctls (see later) should be made |
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available at user-level to allow switching from one mode to the other, and |
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vice versa. |
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3. Data Structures Already Available in the Kernel |
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================================================== |
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The Linux kernel provides the serial_rs485 structure (see [1]) to handle |
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RS485 communications. This data structure is used to set and configure RS485 |
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parameters in the platform data and in ioctls. |
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The device tree can also provide RS485 boot time parameters (see [2] |
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for bindings). The driver is in charge of filling this data structure from |
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the values given by the device tree. |
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Any driver for devices capable of working both as RS232 and RS485 should |
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implement the rs485_config callback in the uart_port structure. The |
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serial_core calls rs485_config to do the device specific part in response |
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to TIOCSRS485 and TIOCGRS485 ioctls (see below). The rs485_config callback |
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receives a pointer to struct serial_rs485. |
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4. Usage from user-level |
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======================== |
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From user-level, RS485 configuration can be get/set using the previous |
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ioctls. For instance, to set RS485 you can use the following code:: |
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#include <linux/serial.h> |
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/* Include definition for RS485 ioctls: TIOCGRS485 and TIOCSRS485 */ |
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#include <sys/ioctl.h> |
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/* Open your specific device (e.g., /dev/mydevice): */ |
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int fd = open ("/dev/mydevice", O_RDWR); |
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if (fd < 0) { |
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/* Error handling. See errno. */ |
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} |
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struct serial_rs485 rs485conf; |
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/* Enable RS485 mode: */ |
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rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_ENABLED; |
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/* Set logical level for RTS pin equal to 1 when sending: */ |
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rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RTS_ON_SEND; |
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/* or, set logical level for RTS pin equal to 0 when sending: */ |
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rs485conf.flags &= ~(SER_RS485_RTS_ON_SEND); |
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/* Set logical level for RTS pin equal to 1 after sending: */ |
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rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RTS_AFTER_SEND; |
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/* or, set logical level for RTS pin equal to 0 after sending: */ |
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rs485conf.flags &= ~(SER_RS485_RTS_AFTER_SEND); |
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/* Set rts delay before send, if needed: */ |
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rs485conf.delay_rts_before_send = ...; |
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/* Set rts delay after send, if needed: */ |
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rs485conf.delay_rts_after_send = ...; |
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/* Set this flag if you want to receive data even while sending data */ |
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rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RX_DURING_TX; |
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if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSRS485, &rs485conf) < 0) { |
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/* Error handling. See errno. */ |
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} |
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/* Use read() and write() syscalls here... */ |
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/* Close the device when finished: */ |
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if (close (fd) < 0) { |
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/* Error handling. See errno. */ |
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} |
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5. References |
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============= |
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[1] include/uapi/linux/serial.h |
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[2] Documentation/devicetree/bindings/serial/rs485.txt
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